Treatment options in cases with broken instruments inside the root canal

– A broken instrument: causes and treatment strategy

– Causes that could lead to the fracture of stainless steel and nickel-titanium instruments

– Torsion and cyclic fatigue

– Prevention and risk factors of instruments fracture in the root canals

– Removal attempts and bypassing of broken fragments: technical and clinical tips and tricks, tools and instruments

– Biology and biomechanics vs. mechanics and marketing

– Evidence based approach to broken instruments removal

– Original approach in cases with a broken instrument.

Recommended for: Endodontists.