Interproximal Attachment Gain in the Aesthetic Zone: The Impact of the Tissue Engineering Concept

— The aesthetic challenges associated with interdental papilla loss and coronal movement of the PDL

— The tunnel wall approach

— Partial- and full-thickness tunnel techniques and the supercrestal sling (SCS) suture

— Key principles of interdental papilla reconstruction

— Reconstruction of interdental papillae using FGF-2 and connective tissue grafts (CTGs)

— Histological healing patterns following CTG placement

— The papillary coronally anchored technique (P-CAT).