School of radiodiagnostics in dentistry. Module 1: TMJ & maxillofacial area radiodiagnostics

– Radio-anatomy of the TMJ and surroundings

– Normal anatomy: osseous structures and soft tissue components

– Synovial membrane, capsule, ligaments

– Anatomy of the disc in sagittal and coronal section

– Retrodiscular lamina

– TMJ vascularization

– TMJ biomechanics

– Clinical examination of a patient. Muscle palpation. Tender points.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Criteria of the TMJ disc(ADD) position classification. Types of disc displacements

– Articular disc displacement with and without reduction

– Partial articular disc displacement

– Sideway disc displacement

– Posterior disc displacement

– Joint effusion

– Bone marrow edema (osteoarthrosis)

– Osteoarthritis

– TMJ developmental anomalies. Hypoplasias. Bifid and trifid condyle

– Traumas of the TMJ. Luxations

– TMJ disorders

– Erosion and cysts

– Review of clinical cases.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Conventional techniques in radiology

– Panoramic radiography

– Tomography techniques: conventional tomography, computed tomography (CT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

– Principles of the CBCT work. Mechanism and process. Safe doses

– Specifications of the CBCT

– Artifacts on the CBCT

– CBCT anatomy of the maxillofacial area. Correlation with a gross anatomy

– Review of clinical cases.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Timeline of MRI imagining

– Fundamentals of MRI examination

– Mechanism of MRI machine function. The procedure

– TMJ MRI basic anatomy

– TMJ disc and structure anatomy

– Patterns of basic pathologies

– MRI of muscles

– Connections with TMJ and temporal bone and surrounding tissues.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Maxillofacial ultrasound anatomy. Regions and structures

– Muscles and salivary glands

– Blood vessels on static and dynamic MRI

– Ultrasonic scanning regarding gross anatomy

– Oral floor in transverse and longitudinal sections

– Normal salivary anatomy on MRI in transverse anlongitudinal sections

– Normal and reactive lymph nodes on MRI

– MRI and USG of the TMJ: position and structures

– Indications for USG examination

– Correlation of normal and reactive structures on USG and CBCT

– TMJ disorders observation on USG. Correlation with MRI and CBCT images

– Review of a clinical case.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

Part 1 – Theoretical

Intraoral radiography techniques

– Intraoral radiography. Criteria of quality

– Basic principles of projection geometry for radiography

– Image sharpness and resolution. How to maximize it

– Image size and shape distortion

– Periapical radiography. The paralleling technique

– General steps for making an exposure. Step-by-step protocol

– Receptor placement during the intraoral radiography

– Bisecting-angle technique. When to apply it

– Donovan technique

– Le Master technique

– Slob technique

– Vertical and horizontal bitewing receptors

– Occlusal radiograph. Indications

– Intraoral radiographic examination of children: mobile radiography

– Special considerations.

Part 2 – Practical

Normal and pathological radioanatomy of teeth and surrounding tissues

In this part, you will learn in detail the normal and pathological radioanatomy of the teeth, periapical and surrounding tissues and will be able to analyze the radiographic images and make a diagnosis on your own.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Orthopantomography. Definition and description. Historical review

– Tomographic image layer

– Digital system detectors in panoramic radiographs. Features

– Indications for the panoramic imaging indications

– Advantages and disadvantages of panoramic images

– The procedure. Patient positioning. Tongue position. Mistakes during the procedure

– The neck extension

– Common artifacts:

- Ghost image

- Foreign bodies

- Metal artifacts

- Closing artifacts

- Motion artifacts

- Lead apron

- Incorrect tongue position.

– Anatomical landmarks: a detailed description of hard and soft tissues on the OPG

– Panoramic imaging indications

– Diagnostics problems requiring broad coverage of the jaws

– Review of different clinical situations on the OPG:

- Evaluation of trauma

- Location of wisdom teeth

- Extensive dental or osseous diseases

- Known or suspected large lesions

- Tooth development

- Retained teeth or root tips (in edentulous patients)

- TMJ problems which involve hard tissues (condyle)

- Developmental anomalies.

– Pathologies on the OPG:

- Cystic lesions

- Bening tumors

- Malignant tumors

- Fibro-osseus lesions

- Oseonecrosis (osteomyelitis/MRONJ/ORN).

– Considerations of different clinical cases.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Basics of CBCT

– Common pathologies on CBCT

– The principles of operation of dentomaxillofacial CBCT units and inherent differences in their x-ray detection systems

– The artifacts

– Major differences between OPG and CBCT.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Basic knowledge of MRI

– Application of knowledge of anatomy, physiology, positioning on MRI

– Common pathologies on MRI

– The artifacts

– Determining imaging parameters to achieve optimum imaging, application of ferromagnetic safety principles and contrast application for the protection of the patient, technologist, and others.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.

– Basic knowledge of USG

– Transducion positions to scan DMFR area and surrounding tissues

– Pathology recognition on USG.

Recommended for: Prosthodontists, Implantologists, Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Functional dentists, Therapeutists, Endodontists, Pediatric dentists, Orthodontists, General dentists.